Key Takeaways
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a condition where a baby’s hip joint does not form properly.
- Early diagnosis significantly improves the success of developmental dysplasia of the hip treatment.
- Most babies respond well to non-surgical treatment if detected early.
- Older children may require surgery, but good outcomes are still achievable with appropriate care.
What Exactly Is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a condition present at birth or developing in early infancy where,
- The hip socket is too shallow.
- The hip joint is loose or unstable.
- In more severe cases, the hip may partially or completely dislocate.
The hip is a ball and socket joint. In DDH, the “ball” on top of the thigh bone does not sit securely in the “socket” in the hip bone. Over time, this can affect walking and long-term joint health if untreated. Early screening plays an important role in identifying babies who need further assessment.
What Causes Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
While the exact cause is not always clear, several factors may increase the risk, such as,
- Family history of DDH
- Breech position during pregnancy
- First-born babies
- Female infants who are more commonly affected
- Tight swaddling with legs kept straight
DDH is not caused by something parents did wrong. It often occurs despite a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
What Are the Signs Parents Should Look Out For?
In newborns and infants, DDH may not cause pain. However, some signs may include,
- Uneven skin folds on the thighs
- One leg appearing shorter
- Limited movement in one hip
- A clicking or popping sensation during hip movement
In older babies or toddlers,
- Delayed walking
- Limping
- Walking on tiptoes on one side
- A waddling gait
If you notice any of these signs, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation.
What Does Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Treatment Involve?
Treatment depends on the child’s age and severity of the condition.
- For babies under 6 months- Pavlik harness may be recommended, which is a soft brace that keeps the hips in a stable position and is worn continuously for several weeks. It lets the hip joint develop normally.
- For babies 6 months to 2 years- a closed reduction under anaesthesia may be recommended where the hip is placed back into position and spica cast is applied to maintain alignment.
- For older children- Surgical procedures may be required where realignment of the hip joint is carried out, followed by casting and rehabilitation.
When started early, developmental dysplasia of the hip treatment has a high success rate. Many children go on to walk, run and participate in normal activities without long-term issues.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Is developmental dysplasia of the hip painful for babies?
Most babies do not experience pain in early stages. The condition is often detected during routine screening.
- How long does a baby need to wear a Pavlik harness?
It typically needs to be worn for 6 to 12 weeks, depending on the severity and response to treatment.
- Can DDH correct itself without treatment?
Mild hip instability may resolve naturally in some newborns. However, confirmed DDH generally requires medical management to ensure proper joint development.
- Will my child have long-term problems after treatment?
With early and appropriate developmental dysplasia of the hip treatment, most children achieve normal hip function and development.
Thinking about seeking medical advice related to DDH?
If your baby was born breech, has a family history of DDH, or you notice unusual hip movement or walking patterns, an orthopaedic assessment can provide clarity and reassurance. Early evaluation makes a meaningful difference in outcomes.
At the Centre for Advanced Orthopaedics in Singapore, children with hip concerns are carefully evaluated using appropriate clinical assessments and imaging. Individualised treatment plans are developed based on each child’s condition and age. If you have concerns about your child’s hip development, consider arranging a consultation to discuss appropriate next steps and management options.
